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Biopsychosocial Model (BPS)
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Health Psychology: The study of psychological and behavioral processes in health, illness, and healthcare is referred to as health psychology. It's about figuring out how psychological, behavioral, and cultural factors affect physical health and diseases Health is directly affected by psychological issues.
Example: Even in the face of psychological stress, educating patients on how to make healthy decisions, such as food and exercise for reducing stress.
Key points: health psychology , mental wellbeing , biopsychosocial perspectives, benefits ,advocacy, limitations ,criticize.
Biopsychosocial Model (BPS)
According to the “Biopsychosocial (BPS) model” focuses on the transaction of natural, mental, and social environmental components. Whenever this idea is applied to wellbeing, it focuses on the significance of generally speaking health. When applied to wellbeing, this worldview underlines the meaning of guaranteeing health in all aspects of our lives. It additionally underlines how these three viewpoints are inseparably connected. When one of the trio members is disturbed, it can have immediate and often unpleasant impacts for the others.
There are three domains of Biopsychosocial model (BPS):
1-Biological
2-psychological
3-socail functioning
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This BPS functionality can be disrupted down to three ways:
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Biological : The term biological (bio-) is frequently used to describe the relationship between sickness and physical well-being. A patient might develop a hernia or pain or swelling, for example, which are less serious but long-term health issues that require hospital care. Acute and extreme health problems, such as an aortic dissection, necessitate rapid medical attention and interrupt daily life significantly.
Psychological : The term psychological (-psycho-) – mental and emotional well-being that also affects conduct. Concerns about disease, quarantine, and drastic lifestyle changes have proven disruptive to persons who suffer mental illness issues such as anxiety or depression during the epidemic. People who had never had depression or anxiety have been further harmed by some of these new life patterns.
Social: Interpersonal elements also including interpersonal relationships and activities are classified as social (-social). Seclusion, whether deliberate or unintentional (as in the case of an activity-limiting illness), has negative consequences on a person's capacity to socialize and maintain good relationships with individuals outside of their house. Such social deficits will result in feelings of loneliness and an unhealthy lifestyle.
As per the Biopsychosocial Model BPS model, the connections between these three components decide relative wellbeing and infection. Subsequently, the reason, appearance, and abatement of disease not entirely set in stone by their cooperation’s. For instance, abuses to a patient’s actual wellbeing might be compounded by issues in their profound or social wellbeing.
Disease could articulate itself thoughts in additional serious or ongoing side effects, making it more hard to treat effectively without tending to the hidden worries. The BPS model perceives the perplexing dynamic between natural, mental, and public activity factors, empowering a more comprehensive vision to treat medical issues by growing past the bioinformatics perspective on understanding health.
Mental and Physical Health During Stressful Episodes:
The BPS model recognizes that stressful episodes and poor mental health can lead to physical illness. Many people struggle to keep their mental health during stressful times.
Increased risk of infection or infection has been linked to greater in despair and anxiety. As a result, insults to mental health may have made some people more vulnerable to new physical health problems. Experiencing acute or chronic disease during the pandemic, on the other hand, may have harmed one’s ability to cope with emotional stress. Patients receiving medical treatment during the epidemic have experienced anxiety and sadness as a result of their illness and lack of access to care.
The lack of social engagement and isolation that many people have felt over the last two years has aggravated both situations. Patients with severe emotional and/or social distress have weaker immune systems and healing processes, according to study. While rest, a healthy diet, and exercise are recommended for people recovering from surgery or illness, the mental and social aspects of their lives can have a negative affect on or delay the healing process. If a patient is having trouble healing or maintaining their health during a lengthy stress episode, the BPS model can help.
Benefits and Advocacy:
According to the biopsychosocial paradigm, three components, physiological, psychological, and social, influence health, healthcare, and disease. This implies it considers both the smaller picture of any biological disorders at an individual level and the larger picture of psychological issues and the impact of society on that individual and his or her situation. As a result, when evaluating a patient, this model takes into account both the micro and macro perspectives.
According to proponents of the concept, this aids in providing better treatment. Health is not considered a deviation from some constant physiological state in the biopsychosocial model. Instead, it focuses on how social, psychological, and biological elements interact to cause health and illness. As a result, this medical method focuses on having a healthy all-round development, cure, and maintenance of all three aspects, rather than only treating health from a physiological standpoint. Another benefit of the biopsychosocial mode of thinking is that cure, recovery, and good health are not solely in the hands of medical experts, but are also in the hands of patients.
Patients and their families can maintain a demeanor that will result in swift psychological and social recovery, which will eventually enable better and faster physiological recovery, while medical experts take care of the biological treatment. Patients rarely feel powerless or out of control when employing this medicinal method. In order to live a healthy lifestyle, the biopsychosocial model promotes mental and emotional well-being.
Controlling our mental health, as well as the affects society can have on us, is within our power, and if accomplished, can aid in disease prevention. As a result, it is cost-effective, because in many circumstances, prevention is preferable to cure. The biopsychosocial model of healthcare tailors treatment or therapy to the physiological, psychological, and social needs and desires of each patient. This technique is applied on an individual level, as opposed to the biomedical approach, which does not include the person’s mind and feelings, as well as societal repercussions.
Criticism and limitations:
All mental diseases, according to the biopsychosocial model, are biopsychosocial in nature. According to critics, presuming that all mental problems are biopsychosocial actually promotes rather than decreases the stigma associated with these disorders. Assuming that every mental illness is caused by a physical injury or a societal effect is unrealistic, and if it is, it can lead to ineffective treatment The biopsychosocial paradigm can explain some mental problems, but it is incorrect to believe that it applies to all diseases. Some opponents believe that inappropriate behavior (such as anti-social behavior ) cannot be addressed as a medical problem because biological causes are rarely involved in its onset.
because it seems nonsensical to include schizophrenia (a serious condition) in with anti-social behavior. Another criticism of the concept is that applying it correctly and effectively for a new user can be confusing and deceptive.
The paradigm suggests that medicine is divided into two fields: biology and psychology. This might lead to misunderstandings on the part of new users, who may not realized which element a patient’s condition belongs to the Biopsychosocial model considers an individual’s religious views, primary and secondary connections, employment history. When attempting to examine a patient’s situation, however, taking into account so many social elements might become exceedingly unrealistic. As a result, opponents believe that because so many factors are considered, treatment may be delayed or muddled. suggesting that to understand a person's clinical circumstance it is not genuinely the biological factors to don't forget, but also the mental and social elements.
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